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Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of two species in the genus Azadirachta, and is native to India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan growing in tropical and semi-tropical regions. In East Africa it is also known as Mwarobaini (Swahili), which means the tree of the 40, as it is said to treat 40 different diseases.

Traditional uses of Neem
1. Neem acts as anti bacterial, anti parasitic, anti fungal, anti protozoal and anti viral thus helps in protection from all the microorganisms, which are always ready to invade in our body causing serious ailments.
2. Local application of neem powder or neem oil has miraculous results. As it is a famous anti microbial herb, it renders all the microorganisms inactive therefore helping in proper healing of wound without causing any infections and septic conditions.
3. Taking bath of neem leaves water is a very common sight in Indian homes that helps our body to counter mild infections, which our body might get in day-to-day activity.
4. Its tropical application makes us relieved from acne, eczema and even ringworms.
5. In skin related diseases, neem works as blessing of God on mankind. It has an action on almost every kind of skin disease thus making its indication in eradicating every kind of itch, rash, infection and allergy.
6. Neem water is extensively used in burn injuries, thus to protect them from any kind of infection and also promote healing.
7. Neem oil is extensively used in hair fall and early graying of hairs with very satisfying results. It also find its application in dandruff and in lice growth.
8. Its local application on arthritic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, gout, Osteoarthritis, lower back pain, and musculo skeletal pains is highly recommended with good results.

Dolcera Analysis

1. Top Assignees in India and US on Neem patents: We analyzed a total of 98 relevant patents published in India on Neem and 78 relevant patents published in US on Neem from 2006 to 27th June 2009.
A. One can observe from the above graph that CSIR is the leading assignee in both US and in India. It means that considerable research on Neem is being carried out by CSIR.
B. In India, CSIR is being followed by Kalyani Chemicals, Indian council for agriculture result (ICAR), Godrej agrovet, Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
C. In US, CSIR (India) remains the top filler followed by UOP LLC and Syngenta Corp protection Inc.

2. Applications of Neem on which Indian and US assignees filled patents: Next, we compared the Applications of neem for which the patents are sought in both US and India.
A. The major application of neem in most of the publication is on Pest control.
B. Indian publication concentrates on the medicinal aspects of neem whereas US publications concentrates mostly on the insect repellant property of neem.
C. Indian assignees have patented use of Neem for its medicinal benefits such as for wound healing, wound coating, diabetes, HIV/ Aids and skin care.
D. US assignees looked more interested in the areas such as Biodesel production, fertilizers, dental formulations, food packaging, cosmetics and Pharmaceutical compositions.

3. Sector wise distribution for Indian patents on Neem: We tried to find out the major contribution of various sectors in publishing patents on neem and found that individual Application of patents has major part in the distribution of publication on neem in India followed by the private sectors and then the government.

Neem patent in India are mostly held by individuals, 41.84% followed by private sectors, 31.63%. Government institutes lagged behind all and retain only 26.53% patents on India’s traditional asset, Neem.

4. Dolcera Conclusion Indians have always cherished their traditional knowledge, heritage and culture. Neem is one such heritage and an integral part of our socio-economical culture. From times immemorial Neem has found use as an intergradient in Indian culinary, as a medicine for cure of several allergies/diseases and in various religious ceremonies across the country. Time and again there has been a hue and cry to stop other countries from patenting this age old Indian knowledge of Neem. This study, is aimed to answer the key question Are Indians holding an upper hand, legally too, on Neem usage? Comparing the trend of patent filing in India and US between 2006 to June 2009, we can safely conclude that India as a whole has risen up to the expectations and has filled 98 patents on technology surrounding Neem. CSIR (India) played a key role here in India as well as in US to remain as top assignee in the terms of number of patent fillings on application of Neem. However, the complete picture can be alarming. Figure this, despite CSIR remaining as the top assignee, patents on Neem in India are mostly held by individuals (41.84%), followed by private sector, 31.63%. Government institutes (which included CSIR, DRDO, ICAR, IIHR etc) lagged behind all and retain only 26.53% of patents on India’s traditional asset. While Indians have used Neem for its medicinal benefits such as for wound healing, diabetes, HIV/ Aids and skin care; US assignees looked more interested in the areas such as Biodesel production, fertilizers, dental formulations, food packaging, pharmaceutical compositions etc. This study was aimed to gain in depth insight of patenting trends on Neem in India and US. Waking up to the cause, India has done well to broadly cover the Neem application areas but the efforts should increase exponentially to retain the legal rights on Neem, the gift of nature to India.

DISCLAIMER: Above study was conducted using the Indian patent search database provided by the Indian patent office and Micropat. The study was a broad level search and we might have missed out on few patents. The analysis is prone to human errors and can have marginal errors. Dolcera holds all rights on this publication and it should not be used without the consent of authors and the company.

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