Thalasar Ventures

Category : Linux Kernel

Sybase ASE 15 For Linux – Free?

This might be the best kept secret ever. I can’t believe that this is not more known to the public. That’s why I want to share this with you. Sybase released Sybase ASE 15 Express. Free to use on Linux. The restrictions to use it for free are well in the limits of most MySQL databases running millions of websites.

PHP has a very nice integration into Sybase ASE. Combine the popularity of Linux and Apache with the free Sybase ASE, you get a powerful combination. How many times did you hear the MySQL problems when the database all a sudden grows beyond what MySQL can handle. These are costly migration projects or you’re force to buy SUN’s support package.

When using the free Sybase ASE 15 for Linux there is nothing more to do than to buy an inexpensive small business license if you grow beyond the free license restrictions and you will never miss a beat.

So, dump your MySQL for a way more powerful Sybase ASE 15.

On another note, I am following a discussion on a LinkedIn group called Sybase DBA Network. There’s a lot of talk about how Sybase should increase their market shares. I am following this discussion for a while now and I read a lot about how little resources are available on the internet. I must agree that the results for a Sybase search term are not as plentiful as when searching for Oracle or SQL server. But to be fair, most Oracle results on a search term are redundant entries on a many websites. The only way to change this is for Sybase DBA experts to be more outgoing and share their knowledge on blogs and forums.

Actually in this economy, being more visible to the public and demonstrating your skills could make the difference when searching for your next job.

This is a call for action to all Sybase DBA to contribute the global tribal knowledge of Sybase on the internet. If you don’t know where to post your knowledge, contact me.
– Peter

Peter Dobler, founder and owner of Dobler Consulting Inc, who has over 20 years of database management and data migration experience. He and his company are committed to provide turnkey data migration project management and data migration execution to delight its customers. Read more about Peter Dobler at http://www.peterdobler.com and http://www.doblerconsulting.com

Find More Linux Kernel Articles

Installing Linux Dual Boot With Windows OS

Dual booting Linux becomes as simple as it can be if you understand your hard drive and its partitions and the way different OS looks and recognizes and displays it for you to view. It’s very simple to look at the partition table on a Windows machine all you need to do is just double click on the My computer icon. Also you can check the partition table by right clicking on My computer and then click on Manage and then select Disk Management.

Well how Linux identifies and names your partition will be important

For IDE drives Linux recognizes the drives with the name

hd(x)

For SCSI drives Linux recognizes the drives with the name

sd(x)

Where x letter differentiates multiple hard drives for example if you have two IDE hard drives on your computer Linux will detect the first as hda and the second as hdb. Similarly if you have three SCSI disks on your system it will be detected as sda, sdb and sdc.

Now that’s how Physical hard drives either SCSI or IDE are detected on Linux, lets also understand the way the partitions are detected by Linux say if you have three Partitions on a your first hard drive it will be detected as

hda1
hda2
hda3

and if you have four partitions on your second hard drive they will be detected as

hdb1
hdb2
hdb3
hdb4

That is as simple as it is. This understanding is important and also you will come to know about this once we understand dual boot installation.

Now let’s take an example and then start our Linux installation to work as Dual Boot. I will be taking the example of my computer but will not get into the complexity of Quad Boot as on my computer and that may confuse some.

Points to Remember before starting a Dual Boot Installation:

1) You should have an empty partition at least 10 GB if you want to install a GUI based Linux and other necessary software. If you have more there is nothing like that.
2) You should never use Auto Partitioning when installing Linux on a Dual boot installation.
3) Make a rough note of the total partition on your hard drive. Like if you have C: D: and E: make a note like below
C: 10 GB
D: 20 GB
E: 10 GB
4) Make sure to install the GRUB on the Master Boot Record or else you may have to make a bootable drive say a floppy drive each time you want to logon to your Linux and I don’t recommend doing that.
5) Install Linux on the last empty partition
6) Let’s get started.

So our assumption is that you have three partitions (if you have two partitions even then you can install Linux on the second partition provided you are ready to loose anything stored on that second partition) your computer and the partition no three i.e. E: is empty so we will install our Linux on the last partition empty.

Boot machine from CD-ROM.
Press Enter to install Red Hat in graphical mode.
Click Next.
Language Selection –> English (English)
Click Next.
Select Keyboard –> U.S. English.
Click Next.
Disk Partitioning Setup:
Choose manually partition with Disk Druid.
Click Next.

Here you will notice the hard drive names I referred to in the start of this page.
So per our assumptions you will see:

/dev/hda1 Windows Fat 10237 (that’s for 10GB)
/dev/hda2 Windows Fat 20480 (that’s for 20GB)
/dev/hda3 Windows Fat 10237 (that’s for 10GB)

You have to delete the third partition /dev/hda3 and start deciding on the following : –

Amount of SWAP for the system?

The total amount of SWAP partition to be give to the system is always double the available RAM. Say if you have 256mb of RAM the SWAP partition will be 512mb and if you have 1GB RAM your SWAP will be 2GB.

Note: SWAP space is used by the Operating system when main (RAM) memory fills up. The OS just swaps and puts the processes that are inactive but still using RAM in the SWAP memory so that main memory is freed up for the system to use for the current running process.

Do you want further partitioning of the drive?

Here I would like to take you to a view of the type of partitions available

/boot this should be not more than 100mb so that’s enough.

/home depends on how many users will be using the system if you are the only user then 1GB will be more than enough this is like My documents in Windows.

/ If you don’t want further partitions just assign all the available space to this partition.

However I would suggest you to make only one partition initially and once you understand more on Linux installation by your experience then start further partitioning.
So also only SWAP space and / partition will start the next steps of your installation

Highlight the /dev/hda3.
Click on Delete
Highlight the /dev/hda
Click on New.
Fill in the following information
File System Type: SWAP
Allowable Drives: hda (Make sure hda is checked)
Size (MB) 512 (Leave as is)
Choose Fixed Size
Click OK
Click on New.
Fill in the following information:
Mount Point: /
File System Type: ext3
Allowable Drives: hda (Make sure hda is checked)
Size (MB) (Leave as is)
Choose Fill to maximum allowable size.
Click OK

So now our partition table looks some what like this

dev/hda1 Windows Fat 10237 (that’s for 10GB)
dev/hda2 Windows Fat 20480 (that’s for 20GB)
dev/hda3 / ext3 9725
dev/hda4 swap 512

So here we are ready with our partitioning.

Click Next to continue install. Select the boot loader and let it be selected to load the boot loader on the Master Boot Record.

And continue with the installation as the main part is done you may not face any further difficulties installing the unit from here. Also as we have selected the installation to be on a system on a partition with more than 10GB of space there should be no problems

Even if you decide to install all the packages under the option Package Defaults available for installation you will not find any difficulties but always you can check and Choose Customize the set of packages to be installed as this may install the system faster.

That’s all for the lessons for Linux installation for DUAL boot. If you are successful with this installing Linux on standalone will be like a evening walk. So that’s all for now will continue with more stuff as Linux is fun to learn.

Jaspreet Sandhu

More Linux Kernel Articles

Better And Cheap Web Hosting Available With Linux

Web hosting becomes very simplified when carried out on Linux. No, this is not just any assumption or declaration but a tried and tested fact that has been concluded after a lot of research and reconnaissance. Linux web hosting services make use of the free an open source code which ensures that the servers are always being driven by a source code that is highly compatible and dexterity personified. The source code provides huge benefits to the developers and the administrators from the organization’s side as they can inflict changes on the services according to their convenience. Web Hosting India service providers rely heavily on the LAMP structure which implies that Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP are being put to use.  

Linux is not only cheap but provides developers the advantage of handling open source applications. The flexibility is great and the support these hosting services render to Telnet is quite overwhelming. The operational speed is faster in comparison to that of Windows which further implies that the loading time is comparatively more in comparison to its contemporaries. There are many applications that Linux Web Hosting Services support that include the likes of Evolution, Firefox, GNOME, PostgreSQL, Python and Open Office. The environment that these hosting services create for you is very stable and worth thriving and the demand for resources stays very low. The open source programming ensures that repairs are made very quickly and no bugs disrupt proceedings.  

These hosting services offer everything from Shared Hosting to Dedicated Hosting and with multiple databases. The ecommerce capabilities are secured and a lot of diverse applications also get unprecedented support. Linux web hosting ensures that all the hosting needs that an organization harbors are met well and the space and bandwidth they require are given to them without any glitches. The web based control panel, the webmail, FTP Access, databases, ecommerce solutions and all the support is provided through these hosting services. Web hosting India ensures that all this is realized without a problem and is done smoothly.

The hosting services that are delivered on the Linux Operating System are not only cheap but also very reliable. These services ensure that the applications that are run by the enterprise are done so very smoothly and never let the organization down in day to day operations. In comparison to its competitors, Linux has not only proven itself to be one of the most enterprising operating systems but also has given web hosts enough liberty to construct hosting services. The services have been kept very versatile to accommodate all sorts of applications and have been devised such that the party hiring these services is in an advantageous position.

Hire these hosting services and you will be the end beneficiary. Never ever do these services let anyone down and as a matter of fact, always play a crucial role in smoothing the operations. Enterprises can look forward to goo time when they buy these hosting services for they get the advantage of a lifetime.

IDS Web Hosting a brand name in India for its web hosting services which provides best e-commerce hosting services, hosting with crystal report and windows reseller hosting at affordable prices. For more details visit our Web hosting website.

Find More Linux Kernel Articles

Why go for Linux Web Hosting?

What is Linux hosting?

Linux web hosting refers to the storage of content and scripts on a server running Linux Operating System for public access in the form of a website. When hosting a website, you can choose either a Windows account or a Linux/Unix account depending on the nature of the website structure and design. Linux is a free open source server operating system solution while Windows Server is a proprietary technology of Microsoft Corp. Furthermore, Linux was the first system hosting websites and so this extensive experience has resulted in better reliability and flexibility of the solution. An added bonus is it is one of the simplest systems to host a website on; this is because the system comes in basic form allowing for additional script installations as needed. Security is also another concern and Linux boasts some of the most advanced server security solutions available. Other advantages that Linux hosting has are:

Economical

The cost of Linux hosting is cheaper. Linux is freely provided open source shareware. The setup costs made up of the workload and software, and the pertaining license is low. This is because the software is freely shared by its developers and there are web hosting companies that will undertake the installation workload for free. Since it is shareware there are no monthly licensing fees charged for its usage. In addition, since Linux serves as the source code for most open source applications there is no cost involved in getting the scripts, widgets and other applications you intend to use on your website as all these can be downloaded for free.

Flexibility and compatibility

Second advantage is the cross compatibility of the Linux platform. While websites designed on Microsoft platforms using their proprietary technology can only be run or hosted on similar technology, Linux developed code can be run or hosted on any server. This cross compatibility ensures that moving to a different platform in terms of the server operating system is not too much of a hassle. Linux designed websites can be hosted on any server without much difficulty and will not require recoding, restructuring, or rewriting in order to function as they previously did.

Open source advantage

Thirdly, Linux operating system is an open source. This has several attached advantages; you are allowed to modify and customize the solution to suit your requirements and share the resultant solution with other users without violating any laws or paying costs. Also, customer support services can be provided by other Linux users, leaving another source of information and skills at your disposal all for little cost.

Superior Service delivery and performance

Fourth, service deliver on Linux web hosting is better. This system has longer uptime and shorter downtime meaning that your website does not suffer outages. Downtime is the total time a server has to be offline for maintenance and upgrades to be undertaken, whilst, uptime refers to the total time a server can be kept running before a reboot is necessary. A good solution has long uptime and short downtimes; Linux meets this requirement because most updates and maintenance work can be undertaken while the server is online.

Author has written many articles based on linux web hosting . To know more visit at http://www.bigrock.in/web-hosting/linux-hosting.php

Find More Linux Kernel Articles

How to make your Linux VPS Work Effectively?

It does not require you to have a high budget and yet can be an ideal solution.There are several web hosting companies offering different solutions. You can research well and select any suitable package. However, if you are considering Linux VPS Web Hosting for your website, the foremost thing is to check if all the options are available. Spend some quality time, compare and evaluate the pros and cons, such that it is cost effective and beneficial.

The most important fact is you should select a Web Hosting Company in India offering good technical support. Thereby, you must select a hosting package where the service provider offers good support and are trustworthy, popular and reliable. There are good service providers providing packages with technical assistance round the clock.

Selecting a package that has impressive and tested reviews from users is mandatory. You need to select a package that includes tools and features. You can also select providers offering customized solutions inclusive of tools and software serving your requirements. The server should feature automatic updates and backup features.

Linux VPS is the right choice for people desiring dedicated server features, but hesitate to incur the high expenses. Using this server, most people can increase its responsiveness and performance. However, here are some tips for the users to enjoy better performance.

Stop your system services The best ways of enhancing your Linux Vps performance is by stopping the system services that is not required. This is essential as unused services gulp your RAM time and CPU, thereby making your server slow. Hence, it is best to stop that you do not need.

Configure MySQL Increase the performance and RAM so that you configure the MySQL with the right cache size. In case your server uses lot of space, install a smaller size and only if it is unable to handle large requests, you may consider increasing the cache size.

Configure Apache the ideal way For Linux VPS, Apache configuring the ideal way is necessary. You need to check the memory used and adjust the Start and MinSpare Servers directives based on your needs to enjoy more memory.

Clean Modules Check configuration files and clear the unused extra features. This will clean modules and free your resources.

Disable Control Panels Disabling control panels gives a lot of space nearly 120 MB RAM and increases your server performance.

 

Gauri Malhotra is a professional author in writing articles regarding Linux VPS Web Hosting and Web hosting services. She is working to enhance people knowledge regarding hosting and online security.

Related Linux Kernel Articles

Why You Choose Linux VPS Hosting?

If you are a beginner, then you have to take care of so many things, such as Cost, selection of suitable hosting provider. Cost is a biggest factor. If you have vary low budget then you have to choose shared hosting. If your budget is little bit more than shared hosting then you can select VPS hosting. If you need a full server then you have to choose dedicated hosting.

In case of shared hosting, it’s cost is one big advantage. But there is so many problem, like : security, flexibility, redundancy etc.

In case of dedicated hosting, It’s main disadvantage is its cost. It’s cost is much more than shared hosting and VPS hosting. Any beginners normally can’t afford dedicated server for there business.

In case of VPS hosting there is no problem. Because VPS have effortable cost like shared hosting and security, flexibility, redundancy like dedicated server. So anyone who want to more advantages on a cheap rate they choose VPS hosting.

 

There are two types of VPS hosting. Those are

Linux VPS hosting.

Windows VPS hosting.

 

Linux is a open source Operating System. SO it has no license cost or any other cost, that’s why Linux VPS hosting is cheaper than Windows VPS hosting. But make sure that The choice of web server platforms should be influenced by the use to which you intend to put it. The majority of web features including PHP, MySQL, POP3 etc run fine on both Windows server as well as Linux servers.

One main thing which can make a variation for you and your clients but is stability, security and performance capabilities among OS. Linux web hosting is considered by many to be the best option for OS security, and it is also hailed as a very stable and reliable system. The Linux OS source code is available for free to anyone who want is, so it is continually utilized, improved and developed by experts world-wide. Security patches and new, improved features are developed and released very quickly, which is one of the reasons Linux web hosting is considered more stable and secure.

So at-last we can say that, if you want a secure and reliable hosting plan then Linux VPS hosting would be proper for you.

Donna Sam is an experianced author. She has written several blogs, articles about VPS hosting, cpanel reseller hosting, Hyper-v hosting etc.

Comparison between Windows and Linux Web Hosting

Anyone who manages a business today understands the significance of having an identity on the internet. In today’s business atmosphere having a website is among the most important things. A website is said to be a mixture of several interrelated services and web hosting is one of them.

Whenever a user thinks of taking a hosting plan, more often than not he lands up in situation where he needs to select a plan from several given choices. Selecting a hosting solution for a website is not a very simple task, as there are several hosting service providers that offer almost the same hosting plans. In order to make the right selection, the user must carefully consider all his requirements. One of the most critical decisions that a user needs to make while selecting a hosting package is choosing from a Windows Hosting or a Linux Hosting plan. Both these plans come with certain special features which distinguishes them from one another.

Linux Web Hosting is one of most renowned website hosting plans available today. It is comparatively very cheaper than a usual windows plan. Linux, as we all know is an open source application, and is considered more cost effective to manage and run. Users tend to enjoy a number of benefits with the use of this hosting plan. It is considered highly scalable in nature, in fact it is said that a Linux server can easily be converted into a windows server when there is a need. This hosting plan works very well with PHP, MySQL or Perl applications. This hosting plan is usually suggested to users who are just starting out with a new website and do not expect too much traffic on it.

Windows Web Hosting plan is generally considered a touch costly because of the license costs imposed by Microsoft. This plan is known to be the best option when a user thinks of using specific Microsoft applications. When a user builds a website using ASP, ASP.NET, MS SQL, Ms Access, it is essential for him to choose a Windows Hosting plan. This plan is considered much easier to use than a Linux Hosting package.

Selecting the best web hosting service for your website is no more a challenging task, as the market is flooded with several website hosting service providers. When seeking a high-quality web host, the user should look for the client support it offers. Another thing that user must look at is the uptime guarantee the web hosting company offers.

Ajay Kumar has 5 long years of career proficiency as a content writer and written some of the most searched articles on web hosting, web hosting company, web hosting services, web hosting India, windows web hosting, Linux web hosting, domain registration, windows hosting, cloud server, cloud hosting and Linux hosting.

Find More Linux Kernel Articles

Red Hat Linux the connections transforming technology

With the increasing number of people getting aware about the technology, it is impossible for a techno-illiterate to survive in this age. No business can prosper with the networking of the computers. Every profession or any business in the industry requires connection through networking. Just for the fact that computers is now becoming an interesting field for people, increasingly they are opting for jobs and careers with the same. When we think of computers servers, windows is the first thought that comes to our mind but now Linux servers are also gaining equal importance. Red Hat is the software company specialising in production of Linux servers. Red Hat Linux servers are now being accepted by many IT professionals instead of windows. 

With such options, there are many who want to make career with computer software and hardware systems. Reflecting the trend, there are many institutes that have come up with various courses of computer training. Few of them are CADD, Jetking and others who train candidates. But just the knowledge of computer basics is not enough to make a good career out of it. To be up to the mark for a good company job, they have to be certified in their respective field. Cisco CCNA certification is the standard mark for every IT professional. This certification has five levels with seven subject areas training the individual with every nook and corner of computer software and hardware. The most gainful benefit of the certification is that when a candidate gets recruited by a major company, there would be no doubts or complaints about his skills and knowledge of his work. Even while being interviewed, the CCNA certified candidates are considered a notch above the rest.

Such networking courses have become one of the most upcoming courses to be opted by the students. Software and Hardware networking courses offer great career projection. The basic eligibilities require for these courses are 10+2 and a good basic knowledge of computers. Today, the computers are used not only commercially by the big offices and shops but also are used by people at home. In fact, many individuals execute their entire work from their own homes. Just in case of any glitches, there comes a dire need of the computer engineers. This led to an increase in their need as well as students choosing the computer training for their careers. When you ask your engineer about the best servers there are options available, unlike earlier only windows used to rule the markets.

Red Hat Linux servers are now a popular choice among the users with the reasoning to the features being provided. To develope better versions of the Linux servers they have decided to merge with Fedora and have come up with Red Hat Enterprise Linux an advanced version. As a result of this development the older version has now been completely stopped form being used. When you want a new computer system, you have wide range of options available in the market to pick from.

I am a professional Red Hat Linux Certified Hardware Networking engineer & currently working in multinational company. For more information related to computer IT courses,computer training, networking jobs, hardware & networking institutes & courses please visit:www.jetkinginfotrain.com

Advantages of Using Linux Web Hosting

For the newbie in the world of Internet, it is essential to discuss the Linux OS, before web hosting is explained. Linux is an operating system developed by Linus Torvalds in the early 1990s and is a non-commercial platform. This is because the source code for Linux is free for everyone, and can easily be obtained from the Internet. A minor misconception prevails, with the general notion that “Linux” itself is free, which is not true. When purchase Linux from a distributor, they will provide you the source code free with the Linux distribution.

Linux web hosting is potentially the most well-known hosting platform for websites on the internet. The key factors, which makes Linux stand out in the crowd, is its stability and substantial robustness, making your website reliable and smooth. The following points are a few benefits of Linux web hosting:

•  Linux web hosting has achieved a prior importance in the list of web hosting India, as it comes with free applications to aid smooth functioning of your website and keep it stable. It is an efficient option for the end user.

•  It has interesting database compatibility like SQL or MySQL, because of no extra requirement of plug-ins. These databases permit the optimization in communication with your website.

•  Website hosting on Linux servers are more capable to undergo the load than Windows hosting servers and are 50% more efficient in terms of performance. You can effortlessly get rid of the frequent shut down problems, whenever there is a massive traffic on the server, and enjoy the smooth and efficient working of your website.

•  Adding to the benefits of Linux web hosting, Linux is less vulnerable to security breach, and is far more stable than any other web hosting. This directly increases its uptime and runs for a longer period of time without getting rebooted. While Windows hosting requires frequent rebooting, each time it is upgraded. The end user can thus relax as far as the security of the website is concerned with Linux hosting.

•  A very interesting feature of Linux is that it runs in different modules that are interlinked with one another, in a such a manner that even if one of these modules break down, the system will shut down on its own, without damaging the other modules.

Web hosting India has taken a quantum jump with so many benefits added to its list. Hosting a website through Linux is a full proof way to web hosting, which is equally light on the pocket. It is perfect for users who seek to run any application on the server. These entire benefits make Linux web hosting an ultimate choice for programmers and web designers.
 

Abhinav is a well known author and has written articles on Linux Hosting, website hosting enterprise internet services, data centre solutions, cloud server, Windows Hosting, VoIP Solutions, Hosting Solutions and Domain Name Registration.

Related Linux Kernel Articles

Linux Web Hosting India services- India Internet

India Internet being the leading provider of Linux Hosting and other web solutions, is serving its clients since a decade with full customer support. We provide our clients with the quality services leading to better and Cheap Linux Hosting achieving good customer satisfaction. Our professionals take care of the Linux Web Hosting with our servers across India and other countries as well. Wee are known for our reliable services which are fast and secure available with affordable Linux Dedicated Server Hosting Packages India. We provide qualitative services all the year round with 100% customer satisfaction.

India Internet all our Linux Hosting plans comes with PHP and MYSQL Databases which also supports CMS like WordPress, Joomla, Drupal, Magento and many more. Our each Cheap Linux Hosting plan contains Email, FTP, Sub-Domains etc.  Our data centers are highly efficient providing our customers  with  fast and reliable connection. Our support center of Linux Web Hosting India is present consistently  to rectify the customers’ queries  providing the best solutions to it. Our server features includes Plesk Control Panel to Manage Website with SSL Secure Server along with the unlimited FTP access. We also provide our clients with the web based control panel through which they can easily manage their websites along with the password protection.

With the help of our Linux Dedicated Server Hosting Packages India one can easily manage their mails from anywhere and at anytime without any discrepancies in speed. Our each  Linux Web Hosting, plan comes with 99.9% uptime guarantee. Therefore, buying the Linux Hosting, plan will give you full control on managing your websites. The Linux Web Hosting, solutions offered by our company are ideal for managing small or personal and business websites. With the support of a trusted Linux hosting providers like us, one can easily have a good exposure of the business in the world market. Therefore, we provide you with the most advanced Linux Hosting solutions.

India Internet, we have a monitored and secured hosting servers giving you the best Linux Web Hosting India, services. So, our Cheap Linux Hosting plans are designed to include all the features you are looking for at the best possible price. Our Linux Hosting plan is suitable for any kind of website whether it is static or dynamic website developed in HTML, Flash, Photo shop, Frontage, Dream weaver, etc. Our technical support team are always available to support you by providing the best web hosting solutions.

If it comes to the Linux Hosting there are many firms providing you with the web space by their Linux Dedicated Server Hosting Packages India, but The right Linux Hosting is what when who not only provides the hosting services but also knows when you need to upgrade your hosting architecture and helps you do it. We, at India Internet understands your needs and help to deliver the best web solutions related to the Linux Web Hosting India. Here, Our services speaks our quality standards which is not possible with our dedicated servers and reliable technical support team.

So, what you are waiting for come and go for our  Linux Dedicated Server Hosting Packages India. At India Inernet we deliver complete, managed hosting solutions through a single point-of-contact. Therefore, India Internet is not only providing the web hosting services but also rectify the problems coming up while using the services efficiently. Also One can easily get their business online through our Linux web hosting services and make your web presence in the market. For more information please visit our website:-  http://www.indiainternet.in/website_hosting/linux_web_hosting.php

India Internet is a complete web solution company provide Linux Web Hosting India, Linux Hosting, Cheap Linux Hosting, Linux Dedicated Server Hosting Packages India, Domain registration India services.