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January 30, 2006

Prostate Cancer Screening - Hand-assisted laparoscopic cystoprostatectomy and urinary diversion.


Hand-assisted laparoscopic cystoprostatectomy and urinary diversion.
Related Articles Hand-assisted laparoscopic cystoprostatectomy and urinary diversion. J Urol. 2005 Nov;174(5):1859-60 Authors: Smith JA PMID: 16217321 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 12:26 PM |

Selecting patients with pretreatment postvoid residual urine volume less than 100 mL may favorably influence brachytherapy-related urinary morbidity.


Selecting patients with pretreatment postvoid residual urine volume less than 100 mL may favorably influence brachytherapy-related urinary morbidity.
Related Articles Selecting patients with pretreatment postvoid residual urine volume less than 100 mL may favorably influence brachytherapy-related urinary morbidity. Urology. 2005 Dec;66(6):1266-70 Authors: Beekman M, Merrick GS, Butler WM, Wallner KE, Allen ZA, Galbreath RW OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between pretreatment postvoid residual urine (PVR) less than 100 mL and brachytherapy-related urinary morbidity. METHODS: A total of 204 patients with a pretreatment PVR measurement underwent permanent prostate brachytherapy with urethral-sparing techniques (100% to 140% minimal peripheral dose) for clinical Stage T1b-T2c (2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system) prostate cancer. The median follow-up was 11.7 months. Evaluation of urinary morbidity consisted of the time to International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) resolution, length of catheter dependency, and the need for postimplant surgical intervention. IPSS resolution was defined as a return to within 1 point of the score at baseline. In all patients, an alpha-blocker was initiated before implantation and continued at least until the IPSS returned to baseline. Statistically significant predictors of urinary morbidity were determined using Cox regression analysis of multiple clinical, treatment, and dosimetric parameters. RESULTS: For the entire cohort, the mean time to IPSS resolution was 2.5 months. The urinary catheter was removed on the day of implantation in 171 patients (83.8%), with no patient remaining catheter dependent for more than 3 days. To date, no patient has required postimplant surgical intervention. On multivariate analysis, pretreatment PVR predicted for clinically irrelevant differences in IPSS resolution and did not influence catheter dependency. CONCLUSIONS: The selection of patients with a pretreatment PVR of less than 100 mL was associated with rapid IPSS resolution, the absence of prolonged (more than 3 days) catheter dependency, and the elimination of postbrachytherapy surgical intervention for bladder outlet obstruction. PMID: 16360455 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 12:25 PM |

Hypoxia down-regulates DNA double strand break repair gene expression in prostate cancer cells.


Hypoxia down-regulates DNA double strand break repair gene expression in prostate cancer cells.
Related Articles Hypoxia down-regulates DNA double strand break repair gene expression in prostate cancer cells. Radiother Oncol. 2005 Aug;76(2):168-76 Authors: Meng AX, Jalali F, Cuddihy A, Chan N, Bindra RS, Glazer PM, Bristow RG BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intratumoral hypoxia has been correlated with poor clinical outcome in prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cells can be genetically unstable and have altered DNA repair. We, therefore, hypothesized that the expression of DNA double-strand break (DNA-dsb) repair genes in normal and malignant prostate cultures can be altered under hypoxic conditions. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The expression of homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous recombination (NHEJ) genes following gas hypoxia (0.2%) or exposure to HIF1alpha-inducing agent, CoCl2 (100 microM), was determined for normal diploid fibroblasts (GM05757) and the pre-malignant and malignant prostate cell lines, BPH-1, 22RV-1, DU145 and PC3. RNA and protein levels were determined using RT-PCR and Western blotting. Additionally, p53 genotype and function, the level of hypoxia-induced apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution, were determined to correlate to changes in DNA-dsb gene expression. RESULTS: Induction of hypoxia was confirmed using HIF1alpha and VEGF expression in gas- and CoCl2-treated cultures. Hypoxia (48-72 h of 0.2% O2) decreased RNA expression of a number of HR-related genes (e.g. Rad51, Rad52, Rad54, BRCA1, BRCA2) in both normal and malignant cultures. Similar decreases in RNA pertaining to the NHEJ-related genes (e.g. Ku70, DNA-PKcs, DNA Ligase IV, Xrcc4) were observed. In selected cases, hypoxia-mediated decreases in RNA expression led to decreased DNA-dsb protein expression. CoCl2-treated cultures did not show decreased DNA-dsb protein expression. The ability of hypoxia to down-regulate Rad51 and other HR-associated genes under hypoxia was not correlated to c-Abl or c-Myc gene expression, p53 genotype or function, propensity for hypoxia-mediated apoptosis, or specific changes in cell cycle distribution. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxia can down-regulate expression of DNA-dsb repair genes in both normal and cancer cells. If associated with a functional decrease in DNA-dsb repair, this observation could provide a potential basis for the observed genetic instability within tumor cells exposed to hypoxia. PMID: 16026872 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 12:25 PM |

Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA.


Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA.
Related Articles Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA. J Med Primatol. 2006 Feb;35(1):12-7 Authors: Marshall DJ, Rudnick KA, Lu J, Snyder LA Background Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an invaluable tumor marker for the detection of early prostate cancer, and can be a target for active immunotherapy of prostate cancer. We wanted to assess the usefulness of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) as a relevant animal model to evaluate PSA-specific therapies. Methods RNA was isolated from the prostate of cynomolgus monkeys, and PSA gene products were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using primers from conserved regions of human and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) PSA genes. These amplified products were then sequenced. Results The cynomolgus PSA amino acid sequence is 89.7% identical to the human PSA gene, and 99.2% identical to the rhesus PSA amino acid sequence. Like the human and rhesus PSA genes, an open-reading frame of 261 amino acids was identified for the cynomolgus gene. Expression of the cynomolgus PSA gene appears to be restricted to the prostate, as it is in humans. Conclusions The high identity between human and cynomolgus PSA sequences suggests that the cynomolgus monkey should be studied further for its potential as a large animal model to evaluate PSA-specific therapies. PMID: 16430490 [PubMed - in process]

Posted by blogposter at 12:25 PM |

Recent trends in surgical treatment of localized prostate cancer.


Recent trends in surgical treatment of localized prostate cancer.
Related Articles Recent trends in surgical treatment of localized prostate cancer. Clin Prostate Cancer. 2005 Sep;4(2):130-3 Authors: Link BA, Culkin DJ Prostate cancer and its various forms of treatment remain a source of significant controversy and morbidity despite recent advances. In response, there is an increasing trend toward the development of treatments aimed at cancer prevention and at maximizing the preservation of function without sacrificing cancer control. This article reviews the current prostate cancer literature and reports on improvements in existing surgical treatments and developing technologies aimed toward achieving these goals. Specific therapies addressed include improvements in surgical techniques, laparoscopy, robotics, cryosurgical and thermal ablation, and high-intensity focused ultrasound. PMID: 16197615 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 12:24 PM |

Oblique needle segmentation and tracking for 3D TRUS guided prostate brachytherapy.


Oblique needle segmentation and tracking for 3D TRUS guided prostate brachytherapy.
Related Articles Oblique needle segmentation and tracking for 3D TRUS guided prostate brachytherapy. Med Phys. 2005 Sep;32(9):2928-41 Authors: Wei Z, Gardi L, Downey DB, Fenster A An algorithm was developed in order to segment and track brachytherapy needles inserted along oblique trajectories. Three-dimensional (3D) transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images of the rigid rod simulating the needle inserted into the tissue-mimicking agar and chicken breast phantoms were obtained to test the accuracy of the algorithm under ideal conditions. Because the robot possesses high positioning and angulation accuracies, we used the robot as a "gold standard," and compared the results of algorithm segmentation to the values measured by the robot. Our testing results showed that the accuracy of the needle segmentation algorithm depends on the needle insertion distance into the 3D TRUS image and the angulations with respect to the TRUS transducer, e.g., at a 10 degrees insertion anglulation in agar phantoms, the error of the algorithm in determining the needle tip position was less than 1 mm when the insertion distance was greater than 15 mm. Near real-time needle tracking was achieved by scanning a small volume containing the needle. Our tests also showed that, the segmentation time was less than 60 ms, and the scanning time was less than 1.2 s, when the insertion distance into the 3D TRUS image was less than 55 mm. In our needle tracking tests in chicken breast phantoms, the errors in determining the needle orientation were less than 2 degrees in robot yaw and 0.7 degrees in robot pitch orientations, for up to 20 degrees needle insertion angles with the TRUS transducer in the horizontal plane when the needle insertion distance was greater than 15 mm. PMID: 16266107 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 12:24 PM |

Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA.


Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA.
Related Articles Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA. J Med Primatol. 2006 Feb;35(1):12-7 Authors: Marshall DJ, Rudnick KA, Lu J, Snyder LA Background Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an invaluable tumor marker for the detection of early prostate cancer, and can be a target for active immunotherapy of prostate cancer. We wanted to assess the usefulness of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) as a relevant animal model to evaluate PSA-specific therapies. Methods RNA was isolated from the prostate of cynomolgus monkeys, and PSA gene products were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using primers from conserved regions of human and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) PSA genes. These amplified products were then sequenced. Results The cynomolgus PSA amino acid sequence is 89.7% identical to the human PSA gene, and 99.2% identical to the rhesus PSA amino acid sequence. Like the human and rhesus PSA genes, an open-reading frame of 261 amino acids was identified for the cynomolgus gene. Expression of the cynomolgus PSA gene appears to be restricted to the prostate, as it is in humans. Conclusions The high identity between human and cynomolgus PSA sequences suggests that the cynomolgus monkey should be studied further for its potential as a large animal model to evaluate PSA-specific therapies. PMID: 16430490 [PubMed - in process]

Posted by blogposter at 12:24 PM |

A novel dietary triterpene Lupeol induces fas-mediated apoptotic death of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model.


A novel dietary triterpene Lupeol induces fas-mediated apoptotic death of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model.
Related Articles A novel dietary triterpene Lupeol induces fas-mediated apoptotic death of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model. Cancer Res. 2005 Dec 1;65(23):11203-13 Authors: Saleem M, Kweon MH, Yun JM, Adhami VM, Khan N, Syed DN, Mukhtar H In prostate cancer, a fine balance between cell proliferation and apoptotic death is lost, resulting in increased cellular mass and tumor progression. One approach to redress this imbalance and control this malignancy is its preventive intervention through the use of dietary natural agents. Here, we investigated the growth-inhibitory effect and associated mechanisms of Lupeol, a triterpene present in fruits and vegetables, in androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cells. Lupeol treatment resulted in significant inhibition of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and caused apoptotic death of prostate cancer cells. Lupeol was found to induce the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase protein and degradation of acinus protein with a significant increase in the expression of FADD protein. Among all death receptor targets examined, Lupeol specifically caused a significant increase in the expression of Fas receptor. The small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of the Fas gene and inhibition of caspase-6, caspase-8, and caspase-9 by their specific inhibitors confirmed that Lupeol specifically activates the Fas receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. The treatment of cells with a combination of anti-Fas monoclonal antibody and Lupeol resulted in higher cell death compared with the additive effect of the two compounds alone, suggesting a synergistic effect. Lupeol treatment resulted in a significant inhibition in growth of tumors with concomitant reduction in prostate-specific antigen secretion in athymic nude mice implanted with CWR22Rnu1 cells. Because early clinical prostate cancer growth is an androgen-dependent response, the results of the present study suggest that Lupeol may have a potential to be an effective agent against prostate cancer. PMID: 16322271 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 12:23 PM |

Acute renal failure secondary to imatinib mesylate treatment in prostate cancer.


Acute renal failure secondary to imatinib mesylate treatment in prostate cancer.
Related Articles Acute renal failure secondary to imatinib mesylate treatment in prostate cancer. Ann Pharmacother. 2005 Dec;39(12):2136-8 Authors: Foringer JR, Verani RR, Tjia VM, Finkel KW, Samuels JA, Guntupalli JS OBJECTIVE: To report a case of acute renal failure associated with the administration of imatinib mesylate. CASE SUMMARY: A 64-year-old man diagnosed with prostate cancer was enrolled in a Phase I trial of imatinib mesylate plus taxotere on a protocol that required a run-in period of imatinib mesylate alone. During therapy with imatinib mesylate, the patient developed acute renal failure, requiring hemodialysis. A renal biopsy revealed tubular vacuolization. Renal failure resolved with cessation of imatinib mesylate. DISCUSSION: Imatinib mesylate is a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, the receptor tyrosine kinases for platelet-derived growth factor, and stem cell factor c-kit. Prostate cancer has been identified as a target for therapy with imatinib mesylate. This patient had no other confounding factors for the cause of the renal failure. An objective causality assessment determined that imatinib mesylate was the probable cause of the acute renal failure. The presence of a primary glomerular disease was excluded by biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Imatinib mesylate-induced acute renal failure has now been linked to toxic effects on renal tubular cells in 3 cases. Renal function should be closely monitored during imatinib mesylate therapy. PMID: 16288076 [PubMed - in process]

Posted by blogposter at 12:23 PM |

(((prostate cancer treatment) AND "2005/11/13 17.56"[MHDA]:"2115/11/20 14.01"[MHDA])) NOT (( (((prostate cancer[TIAB] AND treatment[TIAB]))) AND "0001"[EDAT]:"2005/11/13 17.56"[EDAT])); +90 new citations


(((prostate cancer treatment) AND "2005/11/13 17.56"[MHDA]:"2115/11/20 14.01"[MHDA])) NOT (( (((prostate cancer[TIAB] AND treatment[TIAB]))) AND "0001"[EDAT]:"2005/11/13 17.56"[EDAT])); +90 new citations
90 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: (((prostate cancer treatment) AND "2005/11/13 17.56"[MHDA]:"2115/11/20 14.01"[MHDA])) NOT (( (((prostate cancer[TIAB] AND treatment[TIAB]))) AND "0001"[EDAT]:"2005/11/13 17.56"[EDAT])) These PubMed results were generated on 2006/01/28PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.

Posted by blogposter at 12:23 PM |

January 29, 2006

Alternative therapy common in prostate cancer 


Alternative therapy common in prostate cancer 
Reuters via Yahoo! News - Jan 24 7:25 AM
About one third of prostate cancer patients in the United States use some type of complementary or alternative medicine, a large national study shows.Save to My Web

Posted by blogposter at 05:30 PM |

Prostate Cancer Screening - Germline mutations of the MSR1 gene in prostate cancer families from Germany.


Germline mutations of the MSR1 gene in prostate cancer families from Germany.
Related Articles Germline mutations of the MSR1 gene in prostate cancer families from Germany. Hum Mutat. 2006 Jan;27(1):98-102 Authors: Maier C, Vesovic Z, Bachmann N, Herkommer K, Braun AK, Surowy HM, Assum G, Paiss T, Vogel W The MSR1 gene at 8p22 has been suggested as a candidate gene for hereditary prostate cancer because germline variants have been found to be associated with the disease. Aside from a single nonsense mutation (R293X) that was found repeatedly at low frequencies in several samples, little evidence has been gained by follow-up studies to confirm the gene's relevance for prostate cancer. Prompted by reasonable support for a linkage to 8p22, we sought to determine the mutation spectrum of MSR1 in our family sample. Screening of 139 probands (representing 139 prostate cancer families) revealed 15 novel and a total of 20 sequence variants within the 10 coding exons and their intronic proximities. Aside from the known mutation c.877C>T (R293X) present in two of our families, we identified a second nonsense allele (c.251C>G; S84X) and a splice-site mutation (c.818-1G>A) that results in mRNA instability (each in a single pedigree). The novel missense alleles were c.703C>T (H235Y), c.856C>T (P286S), c.905C>T (P302L), c.1193C>G (A398G), and c.1289A>G (K430R). Of the eight variants that affect the encoded protein (splice site, nonsense, and missense), only R293X as well as the polymorphism c.823C>G (P275A) were additionally present at remarkable frequencies in further samples of sporadic prostate cancer and controls. Of note, carriers of R293X were equally frequent in 367 sporadic prostate cancer cases (1.9%) and in 197 controls (2.0%). To our knowledge, our study is the first to demonstrate further loss of function variants of MSR1 apart from R293X. Nevertheless, the low frequencies of deleterious alleles, in addition to an apparently moderate penetrance, does not support MSR1 as a major susceptibility gene in this family sample. PMID: 16287155 [PubMed - in process]

Posted by blogposter at 05:30 PM |

BRCA1 and BRCA2 as molecular targets for phytochemicals indole-3-carbinol and genistein in breast and prostate cancer cells.


BRCA1 and BRCA2 as molecular targets for phytochemicals indole-3-carbinol and genistein in breast and prostate cancer cells.
Related Articles BRCA1 and BRCA2 as molecular targets for phytochemicals indole-3-carbinol and genistein in breast and prostate cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 2006 Jan 24; Authors: Fan S, Meng Q, Auborn K, Carter T, Rosen EM Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and genistein are naturally occurring chemicals derived from cruciferous vegetables and soy, respectively, with potential cancer prevention activity for hormone-responsive tumours (e.g., breast and prostate cancers). Previously, we showed that I3C induces BRCA1 expression and that both I3C and BRCA1 inhibit oestrogen (E2)-stimulated oestrogen receptor (ER-alpha) activity in human breast cancer cells. We now report that both I3C and genistein induce the expression of both breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) in breast (MCF-7 and T47D) and prostate (DU-145 and LNCaP) cancer cell types, in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Induction of the BRCA genes occurred at low doses of I3C (20 muM) and genistein (0.5-1.0 muM), suggesting potential relevance to cancer prevention. A combination of I3C and genistein gave greater than expected induction of BRCA expression. Studies using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and BRCA expression vectors suggest that the phytochemical induction of BRCA2 is due, in part, to BRCA1. Functional studies suggest that I3C-mediated cytoxicity is, in part, dependent upon BRCA1 and BRCA2. Inhibition of E2-stimulated ER-alpha activity by I3C and genistein was dependent upon BRCA1; and inhibition of ligand-inducible androgen receptor (AR) activity by I3C and genistein was partially reversed by BRCA1-siRNA. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that the phytochemical induction of BRCA1 expression is due, in part, to endoplasmic reticulum stress response signalling. These findings suggest that the BRCA genes are molecular targets for some of the activities of I3C and genistein.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 24 January 2006; doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602935 www.bjcancer.com. PMID: 16434996 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Posted by blogposter at 05:29 PM |

Biochemical nature and mapping of PSMA epitopes recognized by human antibodies induced after immunization with gene-based vaccines.


Biochemical nature and mapping of PSMA epitopes recognized by human antibodies induced after immunization with gene-based vaccines.
Related Articles Biochemical nature and mapping of PSMA epitopes recognized by human antibodies induced after immunization with gene-based vaccines. Anticancer Res. 2005 Nov-Dec;25(6C):4727-32 Authors: Todorova K, Zoubak S, Mincheff M, Kyurkchiev S BACKGROUND: A possible new target for immunotherapy is the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). The aim of the present study was to define potential PSMA epitopes for antibody binding using sera from patients immunized with gene-based anti-PSMA vaccines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sera from prostate cancer patients, immunized repeatedly with plasmid and adenoviral vectors, each encoding for the extracellular portion of human PSMA, were tested for anti-PSMA antibodies by Western blot. PSMA-producing LNCaP cells were used as a control. Recombinant PSMA protein cleaved with different proteinases was used for epitope mapping. Different enzymes were used to cleave the PSMA molecule. RESULTS: Specific anti-PSMA antibodies were detected in the studied patients' sera, mainly against the PSMA protein core. An alignment of the predicted enzyme-cleavage fragments was compared with Western blot results and several antibody epitopes were determined. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that multiple gene-based vaccinations induce an anti-PSMA humoral immune response. The antibodies are predominantly specific for the PSMA protein core. PMID: 16334167 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 05:29 PM |

Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA.


Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA.
Related Articles Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA. J Med Primatol. 2006 Feb;35(1):12-7 Authors: Marshall DJ, Rudnick KA, Lu J, Snyder LA Background Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an invaluable tumor marker for the detection of early prostate cancer, and can be a target for active immunotherapy of prostate cancer. We wanted to assess the usefulness of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) as a relevant animal model to evaluate PSA-specific therapies. Methods RNA was isolated from the prostate of cynomolgus monkeys, and PSA gene products were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using primers from conserved regions of human and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) PSA genes. These amplified products were then sequenced. Results The cynomolgus PSA amino acid sequence is 89.7% identical to the human PSA gene, and 99.2% identical to the rhesus PSA amino acid sequence. Like the human and rhesus PSA genes, an open-reading frame of 261 amino acids was identified for the cynomolgus gene. Expression of the cynomolgus PSA gene appears to be restricted to the prostate, as it is in humans. Conclusions The high identity between human and cynomolgus PSA sequences suggests that the cynomolgus monkey should be studied further for its potential as a large animal model to evaluate PSA-specific therapies. PMID: 16430490 [PubMed - in process]

Posted by blogposter at 05:29 PM |

High dose brachytherapy (real time) in patients with intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer: technical description and preliminary experience.


High dose brachytherapy (real time) in patients with intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer: technical description and preliminary experience.
Related Articles High dose brachytherapy (real time) in patients with intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer: technical description and preliminary experience. Clin Transl Oncol. 2005 Oct;7(9):389-97 Authors: Prada G mez PJ, de la Rua Calder n A, Romo Fonseca I, Evia Su rez M, Abascal Garc a JM, Juan Rijo G, Fern ndez Garc a J, Gonz lez Sancho JM, Abascal Garc a R, Rodr guez-Fern ndez R INTRODUCTION. It has been well documented that the outcome of prostate cancer treatment depends on the dose administered. Hence, techniques have been developed that allow high-dose administration without increasing the complications, e.g. external radiotherapy combined with high-dose radiation (HDR) brachytherapy. In this article we analyse the technique and protocol of real-time HDR brachytherapy together with the preliminary results that support its use. Materials and methods. Between June 1998 and December 2004, 100 patients with adenoma of the prostate were treated with 46 Gy of external irradiation to the pelvis and 2 HDR brachytherapy fractions (each of 1150 cGy) at the end of weeks 1 and 3 of a 5-week radiotherapy course. The 1997 American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) system was used to establish disease stage. Patients with intermediate-risk (PSA 10-20 ng/ml or Gleason = 7 or T2c) and high-risk (two intermediate risk factors or PSA > 20 ng/ml or Gleason > 7 or > T2c) without metastases were eligible for the brachytherapy. Biochemical failure was defined according to the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) consensus panel statement. SPSS statistical package was used to quantify survival (Kaplan-Meier method). Toxicity was scored according to RTOG guidelines. RESULTS. The mean age of patients was 67 years (range 49-78). Clinical stage was T2a in 22% of the patients, 26% T2b and 52% T3. Initial PSA was = 10 ng/ml in 22% of the patients and > 10 ng/ml in 78%. Median follow-up was 28 months (range: 12-79). The 5-year overall survival and actuarial biochemical control were 99% and 87% respectively. No chronic severe complications were noted. CONCLUSIONS. The good results of local control, disease-free survival and few complications that the external radiotherapy combined with HDR brachytherapy have shown suggest that the method should be considered as first-choice in the treatment of prostate tumours of high- and intermediate-risk. PMID: 16238973 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 05:29 PM |

Optimization of intensity-modulated radiation therapy with biological objectives.


Optimization of intensity-modulated radiation therapy with biological objectives.
Related Articles Optimization of intensity-modulated radiation therapy with biological objectives. Phys Med Biol. 2005 Nov 21;50(22):5357-79 Authors: Olafsson A, Jeraj R, Wright SJ IMRT treatment planning via biological objectives gives rise to constrained nonlinear optimization problems. We consider formulations with nonlinear objectives based on the equivalent uniform dose (EUD), with bound constraints on the beamlet weights, and describe fast, flexible variants of the two-metric gradient-projection approach for solving them efficiently and in a mathematically sound manner. We conclude that an approach that calculates the Newton component of the step iteratively, by means of the conjugate-gradient algorithm and an implicit representation of the Hessian matrix, is most effective. We also present an efficient heuristic for obtaining an approximate solution with a smoother distribution of beamlet weights. The effectiveness of the methods is verified by testing on a medium-scale clinical case. PMID: 16264258 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 05:29 PM |

Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA.


Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA.
Related Articles Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA. J Med Primatol. 2006 Feb;35(1):12-7 Authors: Marshall DJ, Rudnick KA, Lu J, Snyder LA Background Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an invaluable tumor marker for the detection of early prostate cancer, and can be a target for active immunotherapy of prostate cancer. We wanted to assess the usefulness of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) as a relevant animal model to evaluate PSA-specific therapies. Methods RNA was isolated from the prostate of cynomolgus monkeys, and PSA gene products were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using primers from conserved regions of human and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) PSA genes. These amplified products were then sequenced. Results The cynomolgus PSA amino acid sequence is 89.7% identical to the human PSA gene, and 99.2% identical to the rhesus PSA amino acid sequence. Like the human and rhesus PSA genes, an open-reading frame of 261 amino acids was identified for the cynomolgus gene. Expression of the cynomolgus PSA gene appears to be restricted to the prostate, as it is in humans. Conclusions The high identity between human and cynomolgus PSA sequences suggests that the cynomolgus monkey should be studied further for its potential as a large animal model to evaluate PSA-specific therapies. PMID: 16430490 [PubMed - in process]

Posted by blogposter at 05:28 PM |

A novel dietary triterpene Lupeol induces fas-mediated apoptotic death of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model.


A novel dietary triterpene Lupeol induces fas-mediated apoptotic death of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model.
Related Articles A novel dietary triterpene Lupeol induces fas-mediated apoptotic death of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model. Cancer Res. 2005 Dec 1;65(23):11203-13 Authors: Saleem M, Kweon MH, Yun JM, Adhami VM, Khan N, Syed DN, Mukhtar H In prostate cancer, a fine balance between cell proliferation and apoptotic death is lost, resulting in increased cellular mass and tumor progression. One approach to redress this imbalance and control this malignancy is its preventive intervention through the use of dietary natural agents. Here, we investigated the growth-inhibitory effect and associated mechanisms of Lupeol, a triterpene present in fruits and vegetables, in androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cells. Lupeol treatment resulted in significant inhibition of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and caused apoptotic death of prostate cancer cells. Lupeol was found to induce the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase protein and degradation of acinus protein with a significant increase in the expression of FADD protein. Among all death receptor targets examined, Lupeol specifically caused a significant increase in the expression of Fas receptor. The small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of the Fas gene and inhibition of caspase-6, caspase-8, and caspase-9 by their specific inhibitors confirmed that Lupeol specifically activates the Fas receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. The treatment of cells with a combination of anti-Fas monoclonal antibody and Lupeol resulted in higher cell death compared with the additive effect of the two compounds alone, suggesting a synergistic effect. Lupeol treatment resulted in a significant inhibition in growth of tumors with concomitant reduction in prostate-specific antigen secretion in athymic nude mice implanted with CWR22Rnu1 cells. Because early clinical prostate cancer growth is an androgen-dependent response, the results of the present study suggest that Lupeol may have a potential to be an effective agent against prostate cancer. PMID: 16322271 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 05:28 PM |

Phase II trial of tesmilifene plus mitoxantrone and prednisone for hormone refractory prostate cancer: high subjective and objective response in patients with symptomatic metastases.


Phase II trial of tesmilifene plus mitoxantrone and prednisone for hormone refractory prostate cancer: high subjective and objective response in patients with symptomatic metastases.
Related Articles Phase II trial of tesmilifene plus mitoxantrone and prednisone for hormone refractory prostate cancer: high subjective and objective response in patients with symptomatic metastases. J Urol. 2005 Nov;174(5):1808-13; discussion 1813 Authors: Raghavan D, Brandes LJ, Klapp K, Snyder T, Styles E, Tsao-Wei D, Lieskovsky G, Quinn DI, Ramsey EW PURPOSE: Symptomatic, hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRCAP) is a major cause of morbidity with a median survival of less than 12 months and a 2-year survival of only up to 10% in most series. Mitoxantrone has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for HRCAP. Preliminary data suggest that DPPE (N,N-diethyl-2-[4-(phenylmethyl) phenoxy]-ethanamine) or tesmilifene modulates cytotoxics to enhance the anticancer effect. In this phase II trial we assessed whether there is sufficient evidence of enhanced efficacy of DPPE and mitoxantrone to lead to a phase III clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 29 patients with a median age of 73 years, of whom 10% were older than 80 years, with progressive HRCAP received 5.3 mg/kg DPPE intravenously every 3 weeks, 12 mg/m mitoxantrone intravenously every weeks and 5 mg prednisone orally twice daily. All patients had pain at presentation, while 97% had bone metastases, 10% had liver metastases and 17% had lung metastases. Median prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 210 ng/ml (IQR 77 to 430). RESULTS: Of the patients 75% had some pain improvement, 66% had decreased analgesia, 59% had a PSA decrease of 50% or greater and 45% had a PSA decrease of 75% or greater. Actual (not actuarial) 2-year survival was 21%. CONCLUSIONS: Despite major limitations of historical comparison the PSA decrease and decreased symptoms with DPPE-mitoxantrone-prednisone compare favorably to those of mitoxantrone-prednisone and docetaxel-estramustine in the literature. The 2-year survival rate of 21% mandates further assessment. This will be tested in a phase III Southwest Oncology Group trial. PMID: 16217292 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 05:28 PM |

(((prostate cancer treatment) AND "2005/11/13 17.56"[MHDA]:"2115/11/20 14.01"[MHDA])) NOT (( (((prostate cancer[TIAB] AND treatment[TIAB]))) AND "0001"[EDAT]:"2005/11/13 17.56"[EDAT])); +90 new citations


(((prostate cancer treatment) AND "2005/11/13 17.56"[MHDA]:"2115/11/20 14.01"[MHDA])) NOT (( (((prostate cancer[TIAB] AND treatment[TIAB]))) AND "0001"[EDAT]:"2005/11/13 17.56"[EDAT])); +90 new citations
90 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: (((prostate cancer treatment) AND "2005/11/13 17.56"[MHDA]:"2115/11/20 14.01"[MHDA])) NOT (( (((prostate cancer[TIAB] AND treatment[TIAB]))) AND "0001"[EDAT]:"2005/11/13 17.56"[EDAT])) These PubMed results were generated on 2006/01/28PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.

Posted by blogposter at 05:28 PM |

January 28, 2006

Prostate Cancer Screening - Clinical staging of prostate cancer: a computer-simulated study of transperineal prostate biopsy.


Clinical staging of prostate cancer: a computer-simulated study of transperineal prostate biopsy.
Related Articles Clinical staging of prostate cancer: a computer-simulated study of transperineal prostate biopsy. BJU Int. 2005 Nov;96(7):999-1004 Authors: Crawford ED, Wilson SS, Torkko KC, Hirano D, Stewart JS, Brammell C, Wilson RS, Kawata N, Sullivan H, Lucia MS, Werahera PN OBJECTIVE: To identify the precise location of prostate cancer within the gland and thus possibly permit more aggressive therapy of the lesion, while potentially sparing the noncancerous gland from ablative therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-dimensional "solid" computer models were reconstructed for 86 autopsy specimens and 20 stage T1c radical prostatectomy specimens. Transperineal biopsies were simulated for grid sizes of 5-mm (method A) and 10-mm (method B) with an 18 G, 23-mm long biopsy needle. One or two biopsies per grid point were obtained for a total of 12-108 biopsies, depending on the size of the prostate. Clinically threatening cancers were defined as having volumes of > or = 0.5 mL or Gleason sum > or = 7. RESULTS: Method A detected significantly more carcinomas than method B in both the autopsy and prostatectomy specimens (autopsy, 72 vs 51; prostatectomy, 50 vs 32, both P < 0.001). Method A also detected more clinically threatening cancers found at autopsy (38/40 vs 31/40, P = 0.008). Among autopsy patients with negative sextant biopsies whose disease was localized to one side, method A detected 72% and method B detected 29-43% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this computer simulation show that 5- and 10-mm grid biopsies detect three-quarters and a third, respectively, at autopsy, of patients with the disease localized to one side of the prostate, which may be useful when planning highly selective ablative treatments in the future. PMID: 16225516 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 11:33 AM |

Alpha-linolenic acid: a gift from the land?


Alpha-linolenic acid: a gift from the land?
Related Articles Alpha-linolenic acid: a gift from the land? Circulation. 2005 Jun 7;111(22):2872-4 Authors: Harris WS PMID: 15939831 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 11:33 AM |

Profiling of signaling molecules in four different human prostate carcinoma cell lines before and after induction of apoptosis.


Profiling of signaling molecules in four different human prostate carcinoma cell lines before and after induction of apoptosis.
Related Articles Profiling of signaling molecules in four different human prostate carcinoma cell lines before and after induction of apoptosis. Int J Oncol. 2006 Jan;28(1):217-29 Authors: Skjøth IH, Issinger OG We have treated four prostate tumor cell lines, DU-145, PC-3, LNCaP and 22RV1 with various concentrations of cisplatin in order to check for influence on viability and for onset of apoptosis induction. At a cisplatin concentration of 20 microM, 22RV1 and DU-145 cells showed approximately 22% and 18% and PC-3 and LNCaP cells showed approximately 4 and 10% dead cells, respectively. When checking for apoptosis induction, the differences among the cell lines became even more evident. DU-145 and 22RV1 cells showed apoptosis induction at 5- and 2-microM cisplatin, whereas in the case of LNCaP and PC-3 cells comparable apoptosis induction was observed at 100-microM cisplatin; hence, the difference between the two groups of cell lines with respect to apoptosis induction is 20- and 50-fold, respectively. We used 37 antibodies to screen the expression levels of key signaling molecules and their phosphorylation status where appropriate. DU-145 and PC-3 cells are androgen-receptor negative and harbor non-functional p53, whereas LNCaP and 22RV1 cells are androgen-receptor positive and harbor wild-type p53. The results of the profiling of DU-145 and PC-3 support the notion that an intact PTEN/AKT pathway (as found in DU-145 and 22RV1 cells) and the presence of active p38 are responsible for the high sensitivity to apoptosis induction and that neither the androgen receptor nor the p53 status is of primary importance for the differences observed with respect to apoptosis induction. PMID: 16327999 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 11:33 AM |

Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA.


Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA.
Related Articles Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA. J Med Primatol. 2006 Feb;35(1):12-7 Authors: Marshall DJ, Rudnick KA, Lu J, Snyder LA Background Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an invaluable tumor marker for the detection of early prostate cancer, and can be a target for active immunotherapy of prostate cancer. We wanted to assess the usefulness of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) as a relevant animal model to evaluate PSA-specific therapies. Methods RNA was isolated from the prostate of cynomolgus monkeys, and PSA gene products were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using primers from conserved regions of human and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) PSA genes. These amplified products were then sequenced. Results The cynomolgus PSA amino acid sequence is 89.7% identical to the human PSA gene, and 99.2% identical to the rhesus PSA amino acid sequence. Like the human and rhesus PSA genes, an open-reading frame of 261 amino acids was identified for the cynomolgus gene. Expression of the cynomolgus PSA gene appears to be restricted to the prostate, as it is in humans. Conclusions The high identity between human and cynomolgus PSA sequences suggests that the cynomolgus monkey should be studied further for its potential as a large animal model to evaluate PSA-specific therapies. PMID: 16430490 [PubMed - in process]

Posted by blogposter at 11:33 AM |

Managed care market share and primary treatment for cancer.


Managed care market share and primary treatment for cancer.
Related Articles Managed care market share and primary treatment for cancer. Health Serv Res. 2006 Feb;41(1):9-22 Authors: Keating NL, Landrum MB, Meara E, Ganz PA, Guadagnoli E Objective. Increases in the market share of managed care are associated with decreases in expenditures in the fee-for-service sector. To understand utilization patterns responsible for such savings, we assessed whether increases in managed care market share were related to increases in receipt of equally effective but less costly primary cancer therapies. Data Sources. Cancer registry data linked to Medicare administrative data for a population-based sample of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries 66 years and older who were diagnosed with breast or prostate cancer during 1993-1999. Study Design. We used fixed-effects regression models to assess whether county-level increases in the market share of managed care were associated with differences in receipt of cancer therapies that are similar in effectiveness but vary in cost. Principal Findings. Increases in the market share of managed care were not associated with differences in the receipt of mastectomy versus breast-conserving surgery with radiation for women with early stage breast cancer (p=.47) or with the receipt of conservative therapy (versus surgery or radiation therapy) for men with local or regional prostate cancer (p=.30). Conclusions. Increases in the market share of managed care do not appear to influence the receipt of equally effective primary treatments for cancer in the fee-for-service sector. PMID: 16430598 [PubMed - in process]

Posted by blogposter at 11:32 AM |

Thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles combined with external radiation in an orthotopic rat model of prostate cancer.


Thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles combined with external radiation in an orthotopic rat model of prostate cancer.
Related Articles Thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles combined with external radiation in an orthotopic rat model of prostate cancer. Prostate. 2006 Jan 1;66(1):97-104 Authors: Johannsen M, Thiesen B, Gneveckow U, Taymoorian K, Waldöfner N, Scholz R, Deger S, Jung K, Loening SA, Jordan A BACKGROUND: We evaluated the effects of thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles, also referred to as magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), combined with external radiation, in the Dunning model of prostate cancer. METHODS: Orthotopic tumors were induced in 96 male Copenhagen rats. Animals were randomly allocated to eight groups, including controls and groups for dose-finding studies of external radiation. Treatment groups received two serial thermotherapy treatments following a single intratumoral injection of magnetic fluid or thermotherapy followed by external radiation (10 Gy). On day 20, after tumor induction, tumor weights in the treatment and control groups were compared and iron measurements in selected organs were carried out. RESULTS: Mean maximal and minimal intratumoral temperatures obtained were 58.7 degrees C (centrally) and 42.7 degrees C (peripherally) during the first thermotherapy and 55.4 degrees C and 42.3 degrees C, respectively, during the second of two treatment sessions. Combined thermotherapy and radiation with 20 Gy was significantly more effective than radiation with 20 Gy alone and reduced tumor growth by 87.5-89.2% versus controls. Mean iron content in the prostates on day 20 was 87.5% of the injected dose of ferrites, whereas only 2.5% was found in the liver. CONCLUSIONS: An additive effect was demonstrated for the combined treatment at a radiation dose of 20 Gy, which was equally effective in inhibiting tumor growth as radiation alone with 60 Gy. Serial heat treatments were possible without repeated injection of magnetic fluid. The optimal treatment schedules of this combination regarding temperatures, radiation dose, and fractionation need to be defined in further experimental studies. PMID: 16114060 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 11:32 AM |

Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA.


Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA.
Related Articles Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA. J Med Primatol. 2006 Feb;35(1):12-7 Authors: Marshall DJ, Rudnick KA, Lu J, Snyder LA Background Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an invaluable tumor marker for the detection of early prostate cancer, and can be a target for active immunotherapy of prostate cancer. We wanted to assess the usefulness of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) as a relevant animal model to evaluate PSA-specific therapies. Methods RNA was isolated from the prostate of cynomolgus monkeys, and PSA gene products were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using primers from conserved regions of human and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) PSA genes. These amplified products were then sequenced. Results The cynomolgus PSA amino acid sequence is 89.7% identical to the human PSA gene, and 99.2% identical to the rhesus PSA amino acid sequence. Like the human and rhesus PSA genes, an open-reading frame of 261 amino acids was identified for the cynomolgus gene. Expression of the cynomolgus PSA gene appears to be restricted to the prostate, as it is in humans. Conclusions The high identity between human and cynomolgus PSA sequences suggests that the cynomolgus monkey should be studied further for its potential as a large animal model to evaluate PSA-specific therapies. PMID: 16430490 [PubMed - in process]

Posted by blogposter at 11:32 AM |

A novel dietary triterpene Lupeol induces fas-mediated apoptotic death of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model.


A novel dietary triterpene Lupeol induces fas-mediated apoptotic death of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model.
Related Articles A novel dietary triterpene Lupeol induces fas-mediated apoptotic death of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model. Cancer Res. 2005 Dec 1;65(23):11203-13 Authors: Saleem M, Kweon MH, Yun JM, Adhami VM, Khan N, Syed DN, Mukhtar H In prostate cancer, a fine balance between cell proliferation and apoptotic death is lost, resulting in increased cellular mass and tumor progression. One approach to redress this imbalance and control this malignancy is its preventive intervention through the use of dietary natural agents. Here, we investigated the growth-inhibitory effect and associated mechanisms of Lupeol, a triterpene present in fruits and vegetables, in androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cells. Lupeol treatment resulted in significant inhibition of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and caused apoptotic death of prostate cancer cells. Lupeol was found to induce the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase protein and degradation of acinus protein with a significant increase in the expression of FADD protein. Among all death receptor targets examined, Lupeol specifically caused a significant increase in the expression of Fas receptor. The small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of the Fas gene and inhibition of caspase-6, caspase-8, and caspase-9 by their specific inhibitors confirmed that Lupeol specifically activates the Fas receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. The treatment of cells with a combination of anti-Fas monoclonal antibody and Lupeol resulted in higher cell death compared with the additive effect of the two compounds alone, suggesting a synergistic effect. Lupeol treatment resulted in a significant inhibition in growth of tumors with concomitant reduction in prostate-specific antigen secretion in athymic nude mice implanted with CWR22Rnu1 cells. Because early clinical prostate cancer growth is an androgen-dependent response, the results of the present study suggest that Lupeol may have a potential to be an effective agent against prostate cancer. PMID: 16322271 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 11:32 AM |

The effect of percentage free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level on the prostate cancer detection rate in a screening population with low PSA levels.


The effect of percentage free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level on the prostate cancer detection rate in a screening population with low PSA levels.
Related Articles The effect of percentage free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level on the prostate cancer detection rate in a screening population with low PSA levels. BJU Int. 2005 Nov;96(7):995-8 Authors: Pelzer AE, Volgger H, Bektic J, Berger AP, Rehder P, Bartsch G, Horninger W OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prostate cancer detection rate at low total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) ranges of 2.6-4 and 4.1-10 ng/mL, according to different percentage free (f/t) PSA levels in a screening population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In all, 1809 consecutive screening volunteers with a tPSA level of 2.6-10.0 ng/mL were assessed. Ten systematic ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsies and, since 2000, an additional five Doppler-enhanced targeted biopsies were taken on the basis of age-specific tPSA reference ranges. We analysed the detection rate of prostate cancer according to f/tPSA ranges of 0-9%, 10-14%, 15-18% and >18%. RESULTS: The detection rates for the subgroups with tPSA levels of 2.6-4.0 and 4.1-10.0 ng/mL were 20.2% and 27.0%, respectively. The cancer detection rate in the first group (2.6-4.0 ng/mL) at 0-10% fPSA was 22.9%, and that in the second group (4.1-10.0 ng/mL) at 0-10% was 36.9%. There were significant differences between these groups. If the f/tPSA was 10-15%, the cancer detection rate for the two groups were 22.6% and 32.5%, respectively (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the cancer detecting rates at an f/tPSA of 15-18% or >18%. CONCLUSION: There is a statistically significantly higher cancer detection rate when the f/tPSA is <15% than in groups of men with a f/tPSA of >15% in screening population assessed primarily using tPSA level. PMID: 16225515 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 11:31 AM |

(((prostate cancer treatment) AND "2005/11/13 17.56"[MHDA]:"2115/11/20 14.01"[MHDA])) NOT (( (((prostate cancer[TIAB] AND treatment[TIAB]))) AND "0001"[EDAT]:"2005/11/13 17.56"[EDAT])); +90 new citations


(((prostate cancer treatment) AND "2005/11/13 17.56"[MHDA]:"2115/11/20 14.01"[MHDA])) NOT (( (((prostate cancer[TIAB] AND treatment[TIAB]))) AND "0001"[EDAT]:"2005/11/13 17.56"[EDAT])); +90 new citations
90 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: (((prostate cancer treatment) AND "2005/11/13 17.56"[MHDA]:"2115/11/20 14.01"[MHDA])) NOT (( (((prostate cancer[TIAB] AND treatment[TIAB]))) AND "0001"[EDAT]:"2005/11/13 17.56"[EDAT])) These PubMed results were generated on 2006/01/28PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.

Posted by blogposter at 11:31 AM |

January 24, 2006

Prostate Cancer Screening - Cancer chemotherapy by deoxynucleotide depletion and E2F-1 elevation.


Cancer chemotherapy by deoxynucleotide depletion and E2F-1 elevation.
Related Articles Cancer chemotherapy by deoxynucleotide depletion and E2F-1 elevation. Cancer Res. 2005 Sep 1;65(17):7809-14 Authors: Wang A, Li CJ, Reddy PV, Pardee AB We propose that the lethality of commonly used anticancer drugs, e.g., methotrexate and cis-platinum are due, at least in part, to an increase of the E2F-1-mediated apoptotic cascade. The drugs directly or indirectly decrease deoxynucleoside triphosphates. The E2F family acts to provide control of S phase by transcribing genes required for deoxynucleoside triphosphate and DNA synthesis. Thus, a mechanism for control of E2F-1 is essential, a signal safeguarding against aberrant or uncontrolled cell proliferation. We have proposed a feedback control by NTPs that down-regulates E2F-1. Here, we provide evidence in support of this hypothesis. PMID: 16140949 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 09:10 PM |

Polo-like kinase (Plk) 1 as a target for prostate cancer management.


Polo-like kinase (Plk) 1 as a target for prostate cancer management.
Related Articles Polo-like kinase (Plk) 1 as a target for prostate cancer management. IUBMB Life. 2005 Oct;57(10):677-82 Authors: Reagan-Shaw S, Ahmad N Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly occurring cancer in American men, next to skin cancer. Existing treatment options and surgical intervention are unable to effectively manage this cancer. Therefore, continuing efforts are ongoing to establish novel mechanism-based targets and strategies for its management. The serine/threonine kinases Polo-like kinase (Plk) 1 plays a key role in mitotic entry of proliferating cells and regulates many aspects of mitosis which are necessary for successful cytokinesis. Plk1 is over-expressed in many tumor types with aberrant elevation frequently constituting a prognostic indicator of poor disease outcome. This review discusses the studies which indicate that Plk1 could be an excellent target for the treatment as well as chemoprevention of prostate cancer. PMID: 16223707 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Posted by blogposter at 09:09 PM |

Dual-specificity phosphatase 1 and serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase are downregulated in prostate cancer.